{"id":8983,"date":"2025-05-09T11:11:30","date_gmt":"2025-05-09T09:11:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.adesiviesigillanti.it\/archive\/archive-2025\/issue-2-2025\/4-berkeley\/"},"modified":"2025-05-17T15:39:12","modified_gmt":"2025-05-17T13:39:12","slug":"4-berkeley","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.adesiviesigillanti.it\/en\/archive\/archive-2025\/issue-2-2025\/4-berkeley\/","title":{"rendered":"4-BERKELEY"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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DEVELOPMENT OF A REVERSIBLE ADHESIVE TO CREATE A NEW WAY OF ENGINEER COMPOSITE MATERIALS<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Rachel Berkowitz
BERKELEY LAB<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Silica nanoparticles affixed with a diStribution of <\/strong>polystyrene chains (purple) self-assemble into <\/strong>hexagonal lattices. Depending on how the chains <\/strong>are organized on the particle surface, they tangle <\/strong>together (purple) or unravel (blue) when compressed <\/strong>(Credit: Tiffany Chen; Ting Xu) <\/strong>Le nanoparticelle di silice agganciate<\/strong><\/p>

Composite adhesives like epoxy resins are excellent tools for joining and filling materials including wood, metal, and concrete. But there\u2019s one problem: once a composite sets, it\u2019s there forever. Now there\u2019s a better way. Researchers have developed a simple polymer that serves as a strong and stable filler that can later be dissolved. It works like a tangled ball of yarn that, when pulled, unravels into separate fibers. A new study led by researchers at the Department of Energy\u2019s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) outlines a way to engineer pseudobonds in materials. Instead of forming chemical bonds, which is what makes epoxies and other composites so tough, the chains of molecules entangle in a way that is fully reversible.
\u201cThis is a brand-new way of solidifying materials. We open a new path to composites that doesn\u2019t go with the traditional ways\u201d, said Ting Xu, a faculty senior scientist at Berkeley Lab and one of the lead authors for the study.
Traditionally, there are two ways to make polymer materials strong and tough. In the first, adding a setting agent creates a crosslinked network of polymer molecules held together by permanent chemical bonds. In the second, increasing the length of polymer molecule chains causes them to get more and more entangled, so they can\u2019t come apart. The latter, Xu proposed, offers the possibility of a reversible design. She likened the concept to folded proteins that interact without chemical bonds to create sturdy structures in nature and can later unfold into their constituent strands.
Xu along with her colleagues in Berkeley Lab\u2019s Materials Sciences Division wanted to build on this concept and start with a collection of simple polystyrene chains, tangle them together into a tough and stable structure, and then take the material back to its starting point. \u201cLet\u2019s say you have a ball of yarn, and it\u2019s a mess. You can\u2019t untangle it\u201d, said Xu. \u201cBut if you play with the yarn, maybe you can trick it to untangle\u201d.<\/p>

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Microscope images of nanoparticles with polymer chains attached before (left) and after (right) deformation,<\/strong>
showing long nanofiber formation with polymer chains stretching out. (Credit: Tiffany Chen; Ting Xu)<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>

With this in mind, the researchers attached polystyrene chains to hundred-nanometers-diameter silica particles, to create what Xu dubbed ‘hairy particles’. By forming nanocomposites, these hairy particles self-assembled into a crystal-like structure, providing different spaces between each unit for the hairy polymers to fill. The space available to each polystyrene chain depended on its position in the structure\u2014and, therefore, determined how much it tangled together with its neighbors.
By confining the polymer chains into these tiny spaces with different geometries, Xu reduced the freedom with which any cluster of polystyrene chains could move\u2014thus exercising control over how entangled they became. Or, as it turns out, how not entangled: for certain arrangements, the response to squeezing was that a specific cluster of polystyrene chains loosened up in response to an applied force.
\u201cHow much entanglement happens with the particles determines their response to an external force\u201d, said Xu, who is also a professor in UC Berkeley\u2019s College of Engineering and College of Chemistry. By adjusting the polystyrene chain size, as well as precisely where and how many chains were affixed to each facet of the silica particle, she could tweak how the structure responded to dissipate external stresses. Ultimately, these parameters provided the key to engineering entanglementbased ‘pseudo bonds’.
Microscopy studies revealed that while some chains became rigid under confinement, others ultimately disentangled and stretched to dissipate the external stress. The result was a strong, tough, thin-film material, held firmly together by pseudo bonds of tangled polystyrene chains. Adding small amounts of polystyrene chains themselves to the nanoparticle assemblies increased the final load-bearing properties by another 50%.
\u201cWe were really excited that now we can maneuver amorphous polymer organization using nanoconfinement\u201d, said Xu. Until now, amorphous polymers are often randomly entangled, whereas proteins fold nicely. The variations in polystyrene chain arrangement now hits a sweet spot that can be used to engineer composites in a smart way. Moreover, adding a drop of solvent and stirring dissolved the nanocomposite back into its constituent particles suspended: there were no chemical bonds to break, allowing the materials to be reprocessed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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DOWNLOAD THE PDF FILE<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Other contents<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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VINAVIL<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The new frontier of non-structural two-component adhesives for wood compliant with the new EN 17619 regulation<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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WACKER<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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New silane-terminated polymers for sealants and adhesives<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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HB FULLER\n<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Packaging adhesives and trend in 2025<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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PPG<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Revolution in Aerospace manufacturing with 3D printed sealants<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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MAPEI<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The importance of sustainability for Mapei<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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DEVELOPMENT OF A REVERSIBLE ADHESIVE TO CREATE A NEW WAY OF ENGINEER COMPOSITE MATERIALS Rachel BerkowitzBERKELEY LAB Silica nanoparticles affixed with a diStribution of polystyrene chains (purple) self-assemble into hexagonal lattices. Depending on how the chains are organized on the particle surface, they tangle together (purple) or unravel (blue) when compressed (Credit: Tiffany Chen; Ting […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"parent":8820,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8983","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n4-BERKELEY - Adesivi & Sigillanti<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.adesiviesigillanti.it\/en\/archive\/archive-2025\/issue-2-2025\/4-berkeley\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"4-BERKELEY - Adesivi & Sigillanti\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"DEVELOPMENT OF A REVERSIBLE ADHESIVE TO CREATE A NEW WAY OF ENGINEER COMPOSITE MATERIALS Rachel BerkowitzBERKELEY LAB Silica nanoparticles affixed with a diStribution of polystyrene chains (purple) self-assemble into hexagonal lattices. 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